Computer Fundamentals 4.0

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores, and processes it into information. The computer operates based on instructions stored in its memory.

The hardware components of a computer, such as the keyboard, monitor, and mouse, are tangible elements. These components are directed by software or computer programs.

Data, which is raw information entered by the user, is referred to as input. This includes words, numbers, sound, and pictures. When data is processed by the computer, it generates output, which is converted information for the user.

Computers are generally categorized into three types:

• Supercomputer – The fastest, largest, most powerful, and expensive type of computer
• Mainframe Computer – Slightly smaller and less powerful than supercomputers but also expensive
• Personal Computer (PC) – The most commonly used type by individuals. PCs are smaller, less powerful, and more affordable compared to supercomputers and mainframes. There are two main categories: Macintosh (Macs) and PC compatibles (PC). Additionally, there are mobile and handheld computers within this category. The most popular mobile computer is the notebook or laptop, and handheld computers are small devices held in the hand.

This comprehensive review covers various topics related to computers:

• A Brief Computer History
• Computer - Overview
• Computer Fundamentals
• Storage Media - Overview
• Computer - Applications
• Computer - Generations (First to Fifth)
• Computer - Types (PC, Workstation, Minicomputer, Mainframe, Supercomputer)
• Computer - Components (Input Unit, CPU, Output Unit, Memory or Storage Unit, Control Unit, ALU)
• Computer - Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Light Pen, Track Ball, Scanner, Digitizer, Microphone)
• Computer - Output Devices (Monitors - CRT & Flat-Panel Display; Printers - Impact & Non-impact)
• Computer - Memory (Cache Memory, Primary & Secondary Memory)
• Computer - Random Access Memory (Static & Dynamic RAM)
• Computer - Read Only Memory
• ...and much more to enhance your understanding of computing systems.